1. 毕业设计（论文）的内容和要求
乌尔曼类型的交叉偶联反应，在生物医药、农药、材料、有机合成等领域都有着广泛的应用。
含氮底物的选择中，含氮杂环的芳基化，在医药领域显得尤为重要。
钯、铂等过渡金属催化碳-杂键，已经在该领域得到了深入的研究和工业应用。
2. 参考文献
[1] Lefvre G., Franc G., Tlili A., et al. Contribution to the Mechanism of Copper-Catalyzed CN and CO Bond Formation [J]. Organometallics, 2012, 31(22): 7694-7707.[2] Larsson P.-F., Wallentin C.-J., Norrby P.-O. Mechanistic Aspects of Submol% Copper-Catalyzed CN Cross-Coupling [J]. ChemCatChem, 2014, n/a-n/a.[3] Zhang S.-L., Bie W.-F., Huang L. Theoretical Insights into Mechanisms for Copper(I)-Catalyzed CP Coupling of Diarylphosphines with Aryl Halides: A Combined Solvent and Ancillary Ligand Effect on the Identity of Active Catalyst and Reaction Mechanism [J]. Organometallics, 2014, 33(19): 5263-5271.[4] Sung S., Sale D., Braddock D. C., et al. Mechanistic Studies on the Copper-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Alkylamines Promoted by Organic Soluble Ionic Bases [J]. ACS Catalysis, 2016, 6(6): 3965-3974.[5] Gurjar K. K., Sharma R. K. Mechanistic Studies of Ullmann-Type C-N Coupling Reactions: Carbonate-Ligated Copper(III) Intermediates [J]. ChemCatChem, 2017, 9(5): 862-869.[6] Nagaraju A., Ramulu B. J., Shukla G., et al. Catalyst-free one-pot four-component domino reactions in waterPEG-400: highly efficient and convergent approach to thiazoloquinoline scaffolds [J]. Green Chemistry, 2015, 17(2): 950-958.[7] Tiwari A. R., Bhanage B. M. Polythene glycol (PEG) as a reusable solvent system for the synthesis of 1,3,5-triazines via aerobic oxidative tandem cyclization of benzylamines and N-substituted benzylamines with amidines under transition metal-free conditions [J]. Green Chemistry, 2016, 18(1): 144-149.[8] Yedage S. L., Bhanage B. M. Ru(ii)/PEG-400 as a highly efficient and recyclable catalytic media for annulation and olefination reactions via CH bond activation [J]. Green Chemistry, 2016, 18(20): 5635-5642.[9] Clarke C. J., Tu W. C., Levers O., et al. Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes [J]. Chemical Reviews, 2018, 118(2): 747-800.[10] Xu C., Huang B., Yan T., et al. A recyclable and reusable K2PtCl4/Xphos-SO3Na/PEG-400/H2O system for highly regio- and stereoselective hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes [J]. Green Chemistry, 2018, 20(2): 391-397.[11] Altman R. A., Buchwald S. L. 4, 7-Dimethoxy-1, 10-phenanthroline: an excellent ligand for the Cu-catalyzed N-arylation of imidazoles [J]. Organic Letters, 2006, 8(13): 2779-2782.[12] Altman R. A., Koval E. D., Buchwald S. L. Copper-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Imidazoles and Benzimidazoles [J]. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2007, 72(16): 6190.
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